The High Court has ruled native
title holders from the remote Northern Territory town of Timber Creek will
receive $2.5 million in compensation for loss of their rights, including
spiritual connection to the land.
Key points:
·
The dispute has been about how to calculate compensation for
extinguishment of native title rights
·
The Timber Creek claimants will get $2.5 million, down from the
$3.3 million originally awarded
·
The High Court rejects claims that $1.3 million for
"spiritual harm" is excessive
The
test case — described as one of the biggest since Mabo — brought the High Court
to the Northern Territory last September for the first time in its history.
It
was the first time the High Court had examined the Native Title Act's
compensation provisions, including how to put a price on intangible harm caused
by disconnection with country.
The
claim by Ngaliwurru and Nungali native title holders was about rights that were
extinguished through the building of roads and infrastructure by the Northern
Territory Government in the 1980s and 1990s.
The
final amount of $2.5 million in compensation settled on by the High Court is
divided into three components — economic loss, interest and non-economic loss
related to the "spiritual" harm caused by disconnection.
It
includes $1.3 million for the non-economic loss. The court rejected the
argument from the NT and Federal Governments that the amount was
"manifestly excessive".
The
decision has set a precedent for similar claims across the country.
Queensland,
Western Australia and South Australia were "interveners" or
interested parties in the case, supporting the NT and Federal Governments'
position.
Governments win argument about 'economic
loss'
The
appeal process began after the Timber Creek native title holders were awarded a
total of $3.3 million in compensation for extinguishment of their native title
rights in 2016.
That
decision by Federal Court Justice John Mansfield was challenged by the NT and
Federal Governments.
The
Full Federal Court then reduced the compensation amount to $2.9 million.
Both
the NT and Federal Governments appealed again to the High Court, along with the
Ngaliwurru and Nungali claim group.
The
Federal and NT Governments argued the native title rights were
"overvalued" and the economic loss should not be worth any more than
50 per cent of the freehold value of the land.
The
High Court agreed with that argument and awarded $320,250 for that component.
That
was partly because Timber Creek was covered by a pastoral lease in the 1880s,
which meant native title holders did not have the right under Australian law to
exclude people from the land but kept "non-exclusive" rights to hunt,
fish and practice their law and culture.
The
Ngaliwurru and Nungali people had argued the loss of their native title rights
was worth the entire freehold market value of the land.
An end to unfinished business
The
lead claimants Lorraine Jones and Chris Griffiths spent several years in court,
finishing a job that their late fathers started in 1999, when the native title
applications were first filed.
Ms
Jones said loss of culture was the most important part to be recognised,
describing it as "like a tangle in the tummy".
Mr
Griffiths said he was disappointed the economic loss component of the
compensation was reduced, but that recognition of their spiritual connection
was "what our old people wanted".
Mr
Griffiths and Ms Jones said the Ngaliwurru and Nungali people will decide as a
family group how they will use the compensation.
Northern
Land Council lawyer Tamara Cole, who has been overseeing the case with the
claim group for almost a decade, said the NT Government would be responsible
for paying the compensation.
"Native
title holders around Australia have been waiting for the High Court to deliver
its decision in Timber Creek, so they can get on with their negotiations with
state and territory governments to arrive at fair amounts of
compensation," Ms Cole said.
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